id: https://ce-rise-models.codeberg.page/circularity-and-eol/
name: circularity-and-eol
title: CE-RISE Circularity and End-of-Life Data Model
description: >
    Data model capturing circularity and end-of-life information for products,
    including design-for-circularity attributes, performance factors and scores,
    and end-of-life pathways such as disassembly, recycling, treatment options,
    and CRM recovery-related information.
license: CC BY-NC 4.0
version: 0.0.3

prefixes:
    linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
    circ: https://ce-rise-models.codeberg.page/circularity-and-eol/
    xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
    rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
    dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
    schema: http://schema.org/
    qudt: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/
    unit: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/
    bfo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_
    chebi: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_
    envo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_
    dpv: https://w3id.org/dpv#
    odp: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/
    bs: https://www.iso.org/standard/

default_prefix: circ
default_range: string

imports:
    - linkml:types

slots:
    # Stage 1: Design for Circularity slots

    # Modular Design slots
    modularity_level_value:
        description: "Level of modularity in product design (e.g., fully modular, partially modular, integrated)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: odp:hasModularityLevel
            sql_identifier: circ_design_modularity_level

    interchangeable_parts_value:
        description: "List of parts that can be interchanged with standard components"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:hasInterchangeableParts
            sql_identifier: circ_design_interchangeable_parts

    standardized_interfaces_value:
        description: "Description of standardized interfaces used in the product"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: bs:74348 # ISO/IEC 2382-1:2015 interface standard reference
            sql_identifier: circ_design_standard_interfaces

    # Material Selection slots
    recycled_content_value:
        description: "Percentage of recycled materials in the product"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:recycledContentPercentage
            sql_identifier: circ_design_recycled_content
            references: "ESPR Annex I; CIRPASS; Battery Pass; King et al.; Jensen et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    renewable_content_value:
        description: "Percentage of renewable materials in the product"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:renewableContentPercentage
            sql_identifier: circ_design_renewable_content
            references: "Battery Pass; CIRPASS; King et al."

    hazardous_substances_value:
        description: "List of hazardous substances present in the product"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: chebi:78298 # CHEBI hazardous substance reference
            sql_identifier: circ_design_hazardous_substances
            references: "ESPR Art 7 5. a); Battery Pass; CIRPASS; King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008"
            comment: "Name of substances of concern as per REACH, RoHS regulations; concentration threshold 0.1% weight by weight (SCIP database requirement)"

    material_passport_value:
        description: "Reference or link to material passport documentation"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:hasMaterialPassport
            sql_identifier: circ_design_material_passport
            references: "CIRPASS; Battery Pass"

    # Disassembly Features slots
    disassembly_time_value:
        description: "Estimated time required for complete disassembly (in minutes)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:disassemblyTime
            sql_identifier: circ_design_disassembly_time
            references: "King et al.; ESPR Annex I"

    required_tools_value:
        description: "List of tools required for disassembly"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:requiredDisassemblyTools
            sql_identifier: circ_design_required_tools

    disassembly_instructions_value:
        description: "Reference to disassembly instructions or inline instructions"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:instructions
            sql_identifier: circ_design_disassembly_instructions
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b) iii); King et al.; Jensen et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; Wan and Jiang"

    fastener_types_value:
        description: "Types of fasteners used in product assembly"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:fastenerTypes
            sql_identifier: circ_design_fastener_types

    # Durability Features slots
    expected_lifetime_value:
        description: "Expected product lifetime under normal use conditions (in years)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:expectedLifetime
            sql_identifier: circ_design_expected_lifetime
            references: "ESPR; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    repairability_index_value:
        description: "Repairability index score or classification"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:repairabilityIndex
            sql_identifier: circ_design_repairability_index
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    upgrade_capability_value:
        description: "Description of upgrade possibilities and modular improvements"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:upgradeCapability
            sql_identifier: circ_design_upgrade_capability
            references: "ESPR Art. 1 5.; ESPR Annex I; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    maintenance_schedule_value:
        description: "Recommended maintenance schedule and intervals"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:maintenanceSchedule
            sql_identifier: circ_design_maintenance_schedule
            references: "ESPR; CIRPASS; King et al.; Jensen et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; Wan and Jiang"

    # Stage 2: Product Performance Factors slots

    # Resource Efficiency slots
    material_intensity_value:
        description: "Material intensity per functional unit (kg/unit)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: qudt:materialIntensity
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_material_intensity
            references: "Berger et al.; King et al."

    energy_efficiency_value:
        description: "Energy efficiency rating or consumption (kWh/unit)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: qudt:energyEfficiency
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_energy_efficiency
            references: "King et al.; Energy Labelling Directive"

    water_footprint_value:
        description: "Water consumption per functional unit (liters/unit)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: envo:01001026 # ENVO water footprint
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_water_footprint
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    waste_generation_value:
        description: "Waste generated during product lifecycle (kg)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:wasteGeneration
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_waste_generation
            references: "King et al."

    # Lifespan Factors slots
    mean_time_between_failures_value:
        description: "Mean time between failures (MTBF) in hours"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: bfo:0000038 # BFO temporal region for reliability
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_mtbf

    warranty_period_value:
        description: "Warranty period offered (in years)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:warrantyPeriod
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_warranty_period
            references: "ESPR; CIRPASS"

    service_life_value:
        description: "Expected service life under normal conditions (in years)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:serviceLife
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_service_life

    obsolescence_factors_value:
        description: "Factors contributing to product obsolescence"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:obsolescenceFactors
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_obsolescence_factors

    # Circular Capability slots
    reuse_potential_value:
        description: "Potential for product or component reuse (qualitative or percentage)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:reusePotential
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_reuse_potential
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    refurbishment_potential_value:
        description: "Potential for product refurbishment (qualitative or percentage)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:refurbishmentPotential
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_refurbish_potential
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    remanufacturing_potential_value:
        description: "Potential for product remanufacturing (qualitative or percentage)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:remanufacturingPotential
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_remanufacture_potential
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    recycling_potential_value:
        description: "Potential for material recycling (qualitative or percentage)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:recyclingPotential
            sql_identifier: circ_perf_recycling_potential
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; Cruz et al."

    # Stage 3: Circularity Assessments slots

    assessment_type_value:
        description: "Type or category of assessment performed"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:type
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_type

    assessment_methodology_value:
        description: "Methodology or framework used for assessment"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:methodUsed
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_methodology

    assessment_date_value:
        description: "Date when assessment was performed"
        range: date
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:date
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_date

    assessment_version_value:
        description: "Version of the assessment methodology used"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:hasVersion
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_version

    assessment_score_value:
        description: "Overall assessment score or result"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:assessmentScore
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_score

    score_unit_value:
        description: "Unit of measurement for the assessment score"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: qudt:unit
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_score_unit

    score_range_value:
        description: "Valid range for the assessment score (e.g., 0-100, A-F)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:scoreRange
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_score_range

    data_sources_value:
        description: "Sources of data used for the assessment"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:source
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_data_sources

    assessment_reference_value:
        description: "External reference or URI to full assessment details"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: dcterms:references
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_reference

    certification_status_value:
        description: "Certification or verification status of the assessment"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:certificationStatus
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_certification
            references: "ESPR; Battery Pass; CIRPASS"

    # SubScore slots
    sub_score_name_value:
        description: "Name or identifier of a sub-score component"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: rdfs:label
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_sub_score_name

    sub_score_value_value:
        description: "Value of the sub-score component"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:subScoreValue
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_sub_score_value

    sub_score_weight_value:
        description: "Weight or importance of the sub-score in overall calculation"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:subScoreWeight
            sql_identifier: circ_assessment_sub_score_weight

    # Stage 4: End of Life Information slots

    # Collection and Sorting slots
    collection_schemes_value:
        description: "Available collection schemes and programs"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:collectionSchemes
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_collection_schemes
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b) ii); Battery Pass; Jensen et al."

    sorting_instructions_value:
        description: "Instructions for waste sorting and separation"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:instructions
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_sorting_instructions
            references: "Jensen et al."

    waste_classification_value:
        description: "Waste classification codes and categories"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: envo:00002001 # ENVO waste material
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_waste_classification
            references: "ESPR; Battery Pass"

    take_back_programs_value:
        description: "Manufacturer or retailer take-back program details"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:takeBackProgram
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_take_back_programs
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b) ii); CIRPASS; King et al.; Battery Pass; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; Christensen et al."

    # Recycling Pathways slots
    material_type_recyclable_value:
        description: "Type of recyclable material"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: chebi:24431 # CHEBI chemical entity
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_recyclable_material_type

    recycling_rate_value:
        description: "Percentage of material that can be recycled"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:recyclingRate
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_recycling_rate

    recycling_process_value:
        description: "Description of recycling process required"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:recyclingProcess
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_recycling_process

    material_type_non_recyclable_value:
        description: "Type of non-recyclable material"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: chebi:24431
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_non_recyclable_material_type
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    non_recyclable_percentage_value:
        description: "Percentage of non-recyclable materials"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:nonRecyclablePercentage
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_non_recyclable_percentage

    disposal_method_value:
        description: "Method for disposal of non-recyclable materials"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:disposalMethod
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_disposal_method
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b) iii); CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; Christensen et al."

    required_technology_value:
        description: "Technology required for recycling"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:requiredTechnology
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_required_technology

    geographic_availability_value:
        description: "Geographic availability of recycling infrastructure"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: schema:areaServed
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_geographic_availability

    # CRM Recovery slots
    critical_material_name_value:
        description: "Name of critical raw material"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:criticalMaterialName
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_crm_material_name
            references: "Koppelaar et al.; Berger et al.; Battery Pass"
            comment: "Material type includes CRMs"

    crm_quantity_value:
        description: "Quantity of critical material (in grams or kilograms)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: qudt:quantity
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_crm_quantity
            references: "Koppelaar et al."

    crm_concentration_value:
        description: "Concentration of critical material (percentage)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:concentration
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_crm_concentration
            references: "ESPR Art 7 5. c); Battery Pass; CIRPASS; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1; CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008"

    extraction_process_value:
        description: "Process for extracting critical materials"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:extractionProcess
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_extraction_process
            references: "Koppelaar et al."

    crm_recovery_rate_value:
        description: "Recovery rate for critical materials (percentage)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:recoveryRate
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_crm_recovery_rate
            references: "Koppelaar et al."

    economic_viability_value:
        description: "Economic viability assessment of CRM recovery"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:economicViability
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_economic_viability
            references: "Koppelaar et al."

    quality_grade_value:
        description: "Quality grade of secondary raw materials"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:qualityGrade
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_quality_grade
            references: "Koppelaar et al."

    market_demand_value:
        description: "Market demand for secondary materials"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:marketDemand
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_market_demand
            references: "Koppelaar et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"

    # Treatment Options slots
    caloric_value_value:
        description: "Caloric value for energy recovery (MJ/kg)"
        range: float
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:caloricValue
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_caloric_value

    emission_factors_value:
        description: "Emission factors from treatment processes"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: envo:01000970 # ENVO emission
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_emission_factors

    landfill_classification_value:
        description: "Classification of landfill type"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: envo:00000533 # ENVO landfill
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_landfill_classification

    leaching_potential_value:
        description: "Potential for leaching of hazardous substances"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:leachingPotential
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_leaching_potential
            references: "ESPR Art 7 5. b); Battery Pass; CIRPASS; SCIP database"
            comment: "Location of substances of concern within the product; reporting required for substances above 0.1% w/w"

    hazardous_waste_treatment_value:
        description: "Treatment methods for hazardous waste"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:hazardousWasteTreatment
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_hazardous_treatment
            references: "ESPR Art 7 5. d); REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; King et al."

    biological_treatment_value:
        description: "Biological treatment options (composting, anaerobic digestion)"
        range: string
        annotations:
            owl.filler: circ:biologicalTreatment
            sql_identifier: circ_eol_biological_treatment
            references: "King et al."
            comment: "Compostability options"

classes:
    CircularityAndEOL:
        description: "Root container for circularity and end-of-life information"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR; CIRPASS; Battery Pass; King et al.; Jensen et al.; Berger et al.; Koppelaar et al.; Cruz et al.; Christensen et al."
        attributes:
            beginning_of_life_information:
                description: "Material composition and origin information at product beginning of life"
                range: BeginningOfLifeInformation
            design_for_circularity:
                description: "Design features that enable circular economy principles"
                range: DesignForCircularity
            product_performance_factors:
                description: "Quantifiable factors influencing circular performance"
                range: ProductPerformanceFactors
            circularity_assessments:
                description: "Generic container for circularity assessments"
                range: CircularityAssessments
            end_of_life_information:
                description: "End-of-life pathways and recovery information"
                range: EndOfLifeInformation

    BeginningOfLifeInformation:
        description: "Material composition and origin information at product beginning of life"
        annotations:
            sql_identifier: circ_bol_info
            references: "CIRPASS; Battery Pass"
        attributes:
            material_composition_entries:
                description: "Individual material composition entries with DMP references"
                range: MaterialCompositionEntry
                multivalued: true
            product_level_summary:
                description: "Aggregated product-level composition summary"
                range: ProductLevelSummary

    MaterialCompositionEntry:
        description: "Information about a specific material used in the product"
        annotations:
            sql_identifier: circ_bol_material_entry
        attributes:
            dmp_reference:
                description: "URI reference to the Digital Material Passport (DMP) for this material"
                range: uri
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_dmp_ref
                    owl.filler: dcterms:references
            material_mass:
                description: "Mass of this material in the product"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_material_mass
                    owl.filler: qudt:hasQuantityValue
            material_type:
                description: "Type of material (metal, polymer, ceramic, composite, etc.)"
                range: string
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_material_type
                    owl.filler: chebi:CHEBI_59999
            source_region:
                description: "Geographic region where this material originated"
                range: string
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_source_region
                    owl.filler: schema:location
            virgin_content_percentage:
                description: "Percentage of virgin content for this specific material"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_virgin_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:virginContent
            recycled_content_percentage:
                description: "Percentage of recycled content for this specific material"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_recycled_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:recycledContent
                    references: "ESPR; Battery Pass"
            renewable_content_percentage:
                description: "Percentage of renewable content for this specific material"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_renewable_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:renewableContent
            supplier_reference:
                description: "Reference to the supplier of this material (optional)"
                range: string
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_supplier_ref
                    owl.filler: schema:supplier

    ProductLevelSummary:
        description: "Aggregated composition information at product level"
        annotations:
            sql_identifier: circ_bol_product_summary
        attributes:
            total_product_mass:
                description: "Total mass of the product"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_total_mass
                    owl.filler: qudt:hasQuantityValue
                    references: "ESPR; Battery Pass"
            overall_virgin_percentage:
                description: "Overall percentage of virgin materials across all materials"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_overall_virgin_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:overallVirginContent
            overall_recycled_percentage:
                description: "Overall percentage of recycled materials across all materials"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_overall_recycled_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:overallRecycledContent
                    references: "ESPR; Battery Pass; CIRPASS"
            overall_renewable_percentage:
                description: "Overall percentage of renewable materials across all materials"
                range: float
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_overall_renewable_pct
                    owl.filler: circ:overallRenewableContent
            number_of_materials_used:
                description: "Total number of different materials used in the product"
                range: integer
                annotations:
                    sql_identifier: circ_bol_num_materials
                    owl.filler: circ:materialCount

    DesignForCircularity:
        description: "Design decisions and features that enable circular economy principles"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Annex I; CIRPASS; Battery Pass"
        attributes:
            modular_design:
                description: "Modularity aspects of the product design"
                range: ModularDesign
            material_selection:
                description: "Material choices supporting circularity"
                range: MaterialSelection
            disassembly_features:
                description: "Features facilitating product disassembly"
                range: DisassemblyFeatures
            durability_features:
                description: "Features enhancing product durability and longevity"
                range: DurabilityFeatures

    ModularDesign:
        description: "Product modularity characteristics"
        annotations:
            references: "Jensen et al."
        attributes:
            modularity_level:
                description: "Degree of product modularity"
                range: string
            interchangeable_parts:
                description: "Parts that can be interchanged"
                range: string
            standardized_interfaces:
                description: "Standardized connection interfaces"
                range: string

    MaterialSelection:
        description: "Material composition and selection for circularity"
        annotations:
            references: "Berger et al.; Battery Pass; CIRPASS"
            comment: "Includes CRMs and hazardous substances"
        attributes:
            recycled_content:
                description: "Percentage of recycled content"
                range: float
            renewable_content:
                description: "Percentage of renewable content"
                range: float
            hazardous_substances:
                description: "Hazardous substances present"
                range: string
            material_passport:
                description: "Material passport reference"
                range: string

    DisassemblyFeatures:
        description: "Product disassembly characteristics"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Art 7 5. e); King et al."
            comment: "Information relevant for disassembly"
        attributes:
            disassembly_time:
                description: "Time required for disassembly"
                range: float
            required_tools:
                description: "Tools needed for disassembly"
                range: string
            disassembly_instructions:
                description: "Disassembly guidance"
                range: string
            fastener_types:
                description: "Types of fasteners used"
                range: string

    DurabilityFeatures:
        description: "Product durability and maintenance characteristics"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Art. 1 5.; ESPR Annex I; King et al."
        attributes:
            expected_lifetime:
                description: "Expected operational lifetime"
                range: float
            repairability_index:
                description: "Repairability score or index"
                range: string
            upgrade_capability:
                description: "Upgrade possibilities"
                range: string
            maintenance_schedule:
                description: "Maintenance requirements"
                range: string

    ProductPerformanceFactors:
        description: "Quantifiable factors that influence circular performance"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Annex I; King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"
        attributes:
            resource_efficiency:
                description: "Resource efficiency metrics"
                range: ResourceEfficiency
            lifespan_factors:
                description: "Factors affecting product lifespan"
                range: LifespanFactors
            circular_capability:
                description: "Potential for circular economy strategies"
                range: CircularCapability

    ResourceEfficiency:
        description: "Metrics related to resource use efficiency"
        annotations:
            references: "Berger et al.; King et al."
        attributes:
            material_intensity:
                description: "Material use per functional unit"
                range: float
            energy_efficiency:
                description: "Energy consumption efficiency"
                range: float
            water_footprint:
                description: "Water consumption footprint"
                range: float
            waste_generation:
                description: "Waste generated during lifecycle"
                range: float

    LifespanFactors:
        description: "Factors determining product lifespan and reliability"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR; King et al."
        attributes:
            mean_time_between_failures:
                description: "MTBF reliability metric"
                range: float
            warranty_period:
                description: "Warranty duration offered"
                range: float
            service_life:
                description: "Expected service lifetime"
                range: float
            obsolescence_factors:
                description: "Factors leading to obsolescence"
                range: string

    CircularCapability:
        description: "Potential for circular economy strategies"
        annotations:
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"
        attributes:
            reuse_potential:
                description: "Potential for direct reuse"
                range: string
            refurbishment_potential:
                description: "Potential for refurbishment"
                range: string
            remanufacturing_potential:
                description: "Potential for remanufacturing"
                range: string
            recycling_potential:
                description: "Potential for material recycling"
                range: string

    CircularityAssessments:
        description: "Container for circularity-related assessments of any type"
        annotations:
            references: "King et al.; Berger et al.; CIRPASS"
        attributes:
            assessments:
                description: "Collection of assessments performed"
                range: Assessment
                multivalued: true

    Assessment:
        description: "A single assessment instance with methodology and results"
        annotations:
            references: "Berger et al.; King et al.; Battery Pass"
        attributes:
            assessment_type:
                description: "Type of assessment"
                range: string
            assessment_methodology:
                description: "Methodology used"
                range: string
            assessment_date:
                description: "Date of assessment"
                range: date
            assessment_version:
                description: "Version of methodology"
                range: string
            assessment_score:
                description: "Overall score"
                range: float
            score_unit:
                description: "Unit of score"
                range: string
            score_range:
                description: "Valid score range"
                range: string
            sub_scores:
                description: "Breakdown of score components"
                range: SubScore
                multivalued: true
            data_sources:
                description: "Data sources used"
                range: string
            assessment_reference:
                description: "External reference"
                range: string
            certification_status:
                description: "Certification status"
                range: string

    SubScore:
        description: "Component score within an assessment"
        annotations:
            references: "Berger et al."
        attributes:
            sub_score_name:
                description: "Name of sub-score"
                range: string
            sub_score_value:
                description: "Value of sub-score"
                range: float
            sub_score_weight:
                description: "Weight in overall score"
                range: float

    EndOfLifeInformation:
        description: "Comprehensive end-of-life pathways and material recovery information"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b); Koppelaar et al.; Battery Pass; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"
        attributes:
            collection_and_sorting:
                description: "Collection and sorting systems"
                range: CollectionAndSorting
            recycling_pathways:
                description: "Recycling routes and infrastructure"
                range: RecyclingPathways
            crm_recovery:
                description: "Critical raw materials recovery"
                range: CRMRecovery
            treatment_options:
                description: "Final treatment and disposal options"
                range: TreatmentOptions

    CollectionAndSorting:
        description: "Waste collection and sorting information"
        annotations:
            references: "Jensen et al.; ESPR Art 7 (2) b) ii)"
        attributes:
            collection_schemes:
                description: "Available collection programs"
                range: string
            sorting_instructions:
                description: "Sorting guidance"
                range: string
            waste_classification:
                description: "Waste classification codes"
                range: string
            take_back_programs:
                description: "Take-back program details"
                range: string

    RecyclingPathways:
        description: "Material recycling pathways and infrastructure"
        annotations:
            references: "ESPR Art 7 (2) b) iii); King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"
        attributes:
            recyclable_materials:
                description: "Materials that can be recycled"
                range: RecyclableMaterials
                multivalued: true
            non_recyclable_materials:
                description: "Materials that cannot be recycled"
                range: NonRecyclableMaterials
                multivalued: true
            recycling_infrastructure:
                description: "Required recycling infrastructure"
                range: RecyclingInfrastructure

    RecyclableMaterials:
        description: "Information about recyclable materials"
        annotations:
            references: "King et al.; CIRPASS"
        attributes:
            material_type:
                description: "Type of recyclable material"
                range: string
            recycling_rate:
                description: "Recycling rate percentage"
                range: float
            recycling_process:
                description: "Required recycling process"
                range: string

    NonRecyclableMaterials:
        description: "Information about non-recyclable materials"
        annotations:
            references: "King et al.; CE-RISE Deliverable 1.1"
        attributes:
            material_type:
                description: "Type of non-recyclable material"
                range: string
            percentage:
                description: "Percentage of total"
                range: float
            disposal_method:
                description: "Disposal method required"
                range: string

    RecyclingInfrastructure:
        description: "Infrastructure requirements for recycling"
        annotations:
            references: "Koppelaar et al."
        attributes:
            required_technology:
                description: "Technology needed"
                range: string
            geographic_availability:
                description: "Geographic coverage"
                range: string

    CRMRecovery:
        description: "Critical raw materials recovery information"
        annotations:
            references: "Koppelaar et al.; Battery Pass"
            comment: "Critical Raw Materials recovery and treatment"
        attributes:
            critical_materials_list:
                description: "List of critical materials"
                range: CriticalMaterial
                multivalued: true
            recovery_methods:
                description: "Methods for recovery"
                range: RecoveryMethods
            secondary_raw_materials:
                description: "Secondary materials produced"
                range: SecondaryRawMaterials

    CriticalMaterial:
        description: "Information about a critical raw material"
        annotations:
            references: "Koppelaar et al.; Berger et al.; Battery Pass"
        attributes:
            material_name:
                description: "Name of critical material"
                range: string
            quantity:
                description: "Quantity present"
                range: float
            concentration:
                description: "Concentration percentage"
                range: float

    RecoveryMethods:
        description: "Methods for recovering critical materials"
        annotations:
            references: "Koppelaar et al."
        attributes:
            extraction_process:
                description: "Extraction process description"
                range: string
            recovery_rate:
                description: "Recovery rate percentage"
                range: float
            economic_viability:
                description: "Economic viability assessment"
                range: string

    SecondaryRawMaterials:
        description: "Secondary materials from recovery"
        attributes:
            quality_grade:
                description: "Quality grade of materials"
                range: string
            market_demand:
                description: "Market demand assessment"
                range: string

    TreatmentOptions:
        description: "Final treatment and disposal methods"
        annotations:
            references: "Koppelaar et al.; ESPR Art 7 (2) b) iii)"
        attributes:
            energy_recovery:
                description: "Energy recovery potential"
                range: EnergyRecovery
            landfilling:
                description: "Landfilling information"
                range: Landfilling
            special_treatment:
                description: "Special treatment requirements"
                range: SpecialTreatment

    EnergyRecovery:
        description: "Energy recovery from waste"
        annotations:
            references: "King et al."
        attributes:
            caloric_value:
                description: "Caloric value (MJ/kg)"
                range: float
            emission_factors:
                description: "Emission factors"
                range: string

    Landfilling:
        description: "Landfill disposal information"
        attributes:
            landfill_classification:
                description: "Type of landfill"
                range: string
            leaching_potential:
                description: "Leaching risk assessment"
                range: string

    SpecialTreatment:
        description: "Special treatment requirements"
        attributes:
            hazardous_waste_treatment:
                description: "Hazardous waste treatment"
                range: string
            biological_treatment:
                description: "Biological treatment options"
                range: string
